Planet Health

The prevalence of obesity among America's youth has increased rapidly over the past 30 years. Obesity is the most common disorder among youth and a major cause of excess morbidity and subsequent mortality. Interventions to reduce obesity among young children and adolescents are particularly important because the risk of adult obesity increases markedly following obesity in adolescence. Schools are an essential channel for intervention because they offer access to large numbers of youth and can provide institutionalized programs in the communities.

Planet Health aims to improve activity and dietary behaviors among 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students. The program does not single out obese children. Planet Health uses an interdisciplinary curriculum approach. Intervention materials are infused into language, arts, math, science, social studies, and physical education classes, using grade-level and subject appropriate skills and competencies. The Planet Health approach increases the efficiency of program delivery by using classroom teachers with minimal health education training to implement the materials. The program enhances its effectiveness by involving multiple classes and frequent use of different approaches to learning.

This program is an example of enhanced school-based physical education interventions (Physical Activity), which is recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force, as found in the Guide to Community Preventive Services. It is also an example of school-based programs promoting nutrition and physical activity (Diet/Nutrition) and classroom-based health education interventions focused on providing information (Physical Activity) which has an insufficient evidence finding from the Community Preventive Services Task Force, as found in the Guide to Community Preventive Services. Insufficient evidence means the available studies do not provide sufficient evidence to determine if the intervention is or is not effective. This does not mean that the intervention does not work. It means that additional research is needed to determine whether the intervention is effective. To expand understanding of this intervention category consider communicating with members from NCI’s Research to Reality (R2R) community of practice who may be able to help you with your research efforts. Following is a link to start an online discussion with the R2R community of practice, after completing registration on the R2R site: https://researchtoreality.cancer.gov/discussions.

Each of the 32 sessions is delivered over 2 years; 16 sessions each year. Sessions require one or two 45-minute class periods, depending on the level of detail chosen by the teacher. Teacher training requires approximately 2-3 hours.

Participants were 6th and 7th graders at the beginning of the study in the Boston, MA metropolitan area; 48% female; 66% White, 13% Black, 13% Hispanic, 8% Asian/Pacific Islander, 2% American Indian, 7% Other (percentages do not equal 100% because some categories are not mutually exclusive).

This intervention is intended for school settings.

The "Planet Health: An Interdisciplinary Curriculum for Teaching Middle School Nutrition and Physical Activity" manual is required and is available at a cost of $45.00. Additionally, teacher training materials are recommended and are available at no cost.
For your free copy, go to: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/prc/projects.html

Ten schools from four communities in the Boston metropolitan area were randomly assigned to receive either Planet Health or usual health curricula and physical education classes over two years. The program focused on four behavioral changes:

1. reducing television viewing to less than 2 hours per day,
2. increasing moderate and vigorous physical activity,
3. decreasing consumption of high-fat foods, and
4. increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables to 5 a day or more.

Each behavior change was addressed in one lesson per subject (language arts, math, science, and social studies), for a total of 16 core lessons each in Year 1 and Year 2. A 2-week campaign called "Power Down" was implemented to reduce television viewing in households. Physical education lessons were organized into 30, 5-minute units. Lessons focused on self-assessments of activity and inactivity levels and goal setting and evaluations for reducing inactivity, replacing inactive time with moderate and vigorous physical activities of their choosing.

Results indicated:

• Obesity decreased among intervention girls relative to control girls; but obesity remained the same among intervention and control boys.

• Television viewing decreased for intervention girls and boys relative to control girls and boys.

• Intervention girls ate less overall and consumed more fruit and vegetables than control girls after the program; neither of these findings were true for boys.

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Wiecha JL, El Ayadi AM, Fuemmeler BF, Carter JE, Handler S, Johnson S, Strunk N, Gortmaker SL. (2004). Diffusion of an Integrated Health Education Program in an Urban School System: Planet Health. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29(6), 467-474.